BalChain：一种基于信誉与负载的分片区块链系统

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2025.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分片技术是提高区块链系统扩展性的重要手段，现有的分片设计往往忽略了分片间负载不均以及节点异质性的问题，从而导致资源浪费和系统性能的下降。为此，本文提出了一种基于信誉与负载的分片区块链系统BalChain，用来提升系统吞吐量和安全性。BalChain采用双链架构，包括交易链和誉载链，分别使用Raft协议和集体签名的拜占庭容错共识机制，确保交易的高效处理和系统的安全防护。本文还提出了一种誉载相配分片算法，根据分片的负载情况动态分配计算资源，充分利用节点的异质性。同时，系统通过Metis图划分算法减少了跨分片交易的发生，进一步提升了交易处理效率。实验结果表明，BalChain在吞吐量、延迟和跨分片交易处理效率等方面均优于现有的分片区块链系统，证明了该设计在实际应用中的有效性和可扩展性。

关键词: 区块链, 分片技术, 信誉系统, 负载均衡, 跨分片交易, 扩展性

Abstract: Sharding technology is a crucial method to improve the scalability of blockchain systems. However, current sharding designs often overlook the issues of load imbalance between shards and the heterogeneity of nodes, leading to resource waste and a decline in system performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposed BalChain, a sharded blockchain system based on reputation and load, aimed at enhancing system throughput and security. BalChain employed a dual-chain architecture, consisting of a transaction chain and a reputation chain, utilizing the Raft protocol and a collective signature Byzantine fault tolerance (CSBFT) mechanism, respectively, to ensure efficient transaction processing and robust system security. This paper also introduced a reputation-load matching sharding algorithm, which dynamically allocated computing resources based on shard load, fully utilizing the heterogeneity of nodes. Moreover, the system reduced cross-shard transactions through Metis graph partitioning algorithm, further improving transaction processing efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that BalChain outperforms existing sharded blockchain systems in terms of throughput, latency, and cross-shard transaction processing efficiency, which proved the effectiveness and scalability of the design in real-world applications.

Key words: blockchain, sharding technology, reputation system, load balancing, crossshard transaction, scalability

中图分类号:

TP309

陈强斌, 姚中原, 田浩, 斯雪明. BalChain：一种基于信誉与负载的分片区块链系统[J]. 应用科学学报, 2025, 43(5): 863-876.

CHEN Qiangbin, YAO Zhongyuan, TIAN Hao, SI Xueming. BalChain: a Sharded Blockchain System Based on Reputation and Load[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2025, 43(5): 863-876.

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