针对野生保护动物跟踪与监测的低功耗、远程监测、可定制、低成本要求，提出了基于窄带物联网（narrow band internet of things,NB-IoT）的分布式系统设计方案，给出了高效能耗管理、并发通信处理、网络透传关键技术的解决方法。系统由跟踪器和监测信息系统组成，跟踪器包括NB-IoT通信与定位模块、低功耗微控制器、锂电池太阳能复合供电组件、高效率电源转换器；监测信息系统包括数据通信设备、服务器和监控终端。实验表明：系统能长期远程采集动物的位置并在WEB地图上显示实时位置和活动轨迹，能对数据进行定制化统计分析并生成报表，跟踪器平均功耗小于50 mW，平均定位误差小于20 m。系统监测范围大、成本低，已试用于某野生动物保护站，效果良好。
A distributed protected wildlife tracking and monitoring system based on NBIoT is proposed to realize low power consumption, remote monitoring, customization and low cost. The key solutions including efficient power management, concurrent communication processing, and network transparent transmission are given. The system consists of trackers and a monitoring information system. Each tracker includes a NB-IoT communication and location module, a low-power microcontroller, a solar composite power supply component with lithium battery, and a high-efficiency power converter. The monitoring information system is composed of data communication equipment, server and monitoring terminals. Experiments show that the system can collect the position of wild animals remotely and display their real-time positions and activity trajectories on the WEB map. Customized statistical analysis of the data and reports can be generated. The average power consumption of the tracker is less than 50mW, and the average positioning error is less than 20 meters. The system has a large monitoring range and low cost, and has been applied in a wildlife protection station showing good performance.
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