基于多元数据的农村居住用地空置率空间估算

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2025.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对农村空心化甚至居住用地不减反增的问题，本文以高分一号影像为基础，采用最大似然法、支持向量机法和神经网络分类法提取居住用地，在此基础上叠加NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据和兴趣点（point of interest,POI）数据，估算了唐山市丰南区农村居住用地空置率。结果表明： 1）在城乡社保存在较大差异的情况下，到城镇兼业或打工的农村劳动力仍会在农忙时节回家务农，农忙时期与农闲时期的农村居住用地空置率存在差异。丰南区居住用地空置率的高低与农事季节性存在一定程度的吻合，10月份农忙时期空置率为25.35%，略低于农闲时期26.73%的空置率。证明了本文提出的假设正确，基于农事季节特征选取遥感影像进行空置率估算的思路是基本可靠的。2）丰南区居住用地空置率的高低与POI核密度分析结果的变化规律相同，说明城市住房空置率高精度估算方法适用于平原地区农村居住用地空置率估算。空置率估算结果为后续研究调研区域的选择和进一步了解农村地区居住用地空置现象的空间分布提供了参考。

关键词: 空置率, 夜间灯光数据, 物候期, 居住用地, 监督分类

Abstract: To address the issue of rural hollowing and even the expansion of residential land, this paper extracted residential land from GF-1 satellite imagery using the maximum likelihood method, support vector machine method, and neural network classification method. On this basis, the paper superimposed NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data and point of interest (POI) data to estimate the vacancy rate of rural residential land in Fengnan District, Tangshan City. The results indicate: 1) Given the significant gaps in social security between urban and rural areas, rural laborers who take part-time jobs or work in towns and cities still return home to engage in agricultural work during the busy farming season, resulting in differences in the vacancy rate of rural residential land between the busy farming period and the slack farming period. The vacancy rate of residential land in Fengnan District aligns with the seasonality of agricultural production. In October, the busy farming season, the vacancy rate was 25.35%, which was slightly lower than the 26.73% recorded during the slack farming season. This validates the hypothesis proposed in this study and confirms that the idea of selecting remote sensing images for vacancy rate estimation based on the seasonal characteristics of agricultural activities is basically reliable. 2) The variation mechanism of the residential land vacancy rate in Fengnan District is consistent with that of the POI kernel density analysis results. This indicates that the high-precision estimation method for urban housing vacancy rate is applicable to the estimation of rural residential land vacancy rate in plain areas. The vacancy rate estimation results provide a reference for the selection of research areas in subsequent studies and for a deeper understanding of the vacancy phenomenon of rural residential land.

Key words: vacancy rate, nighttime lighting data, phenophase, residential land, supervised classification

中图分类号:

P237

郭力娜, 杜彦霖, 王昊, 姜广辉, 赵艳霞, 赵婷婷. 基于多元数据的农村居住用地空置率空间估算[J]. 应用科学学报, 2025, 43(6): 978-989.

GUO Lina, DU Yanlin, WANG Hao, JIANG Guanghui, ZHAO Yanxia, ZHAO Tingting. Spatial Estimation of Rural Residential Land Vacancy Rate Based on Multivariate Data[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2025, 43(6): 978-989.

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