Information encryption transmission is a critical problem of cyberspace security. According to Shannon's “one-time-pad” theory, secure encryption requires the secret distribution of random keys. With the increase of optical communication rate, high-speed key distribution techniques are urgently needed for information encryption transmission. In recent years, researchers continue to explore the key distribution based on classical physical methods, expecting to achieve high-speed key distribution which is compatible with current communication networks. The main methods include random selection of fiber laser parameters, physical unclonable function, fiber channel noise, and chaotic laser synchronization. This paper introduces the basic principle and main research progress of these classical physical key distribution schemes. Among which, the key distribution based on laser chaos synchronization with high potential in high-speed distribution is emphasized, and its corresponding problems need to be solved are analyzed as well.
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