提出了一种基于混合进制的调色板图像无损信息隐藏方法.首先根据索引分布,区分有效索引与冗余索引.在调色板中分配若干冗余索引指向同一有效索引的颜色,使相同颜色的不同索引值承载不同的秘密信息,用于无损信息隐藏.用动态规划方法产生最大嵌入量下的冗余索引分配方案.不同颜色承载的秘密信息为不同进制秘密数字.该方法中嵌入机制并不影响原始图像内容.实验表明,与以往方法相比,该方法提高了数据嵌入量,医学图像尤为显著.
This paper proposes a lossless data hiding method in palette images based on mix-ary codes. According to the distributionof indices, the indices are divided into effective indices and redundant indices. In the palette a certain number of redundant indices are mapped to the color of an effective index. Then the indices mapping to the same color stand for different secret digits in order to embed extra data losslessly. A dynamic programming algorithm is used to find the best allocation for redundant indices to achieve the highest embedding capacity. Embedded data subsets carried by different colors are different notational sequences. The data embedding operation does not affect the original image.Experiments showthat themethod has higher embedding capacity than previous methods, especially for medical images.
[1] 王朔中,张新鹏,张开文.数字密写和密写分析:互联网时代的信息战技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社有限公司, 2005.
[2] Chan C K, Cheng L M. Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution[J]. Pattern Recognition, 2004, 37(3):469-474.
[3] Sallee P. Model-based steganography[M]//Digital Watermarking. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer, 2004:154-167.
[4] Zhang X, Wang S. Efficient steganographic embedding by exploiting modification direction[J]. IEEE on Communications Letters, 2006, 10(11):781-783.
[5] Peng F, LI X, Yang B. Adaptive reversible data hiding scheme based on integer transform[J]. Signal Processing, 2012, 92(1):54-62.
[6] Zhang X. Reversible data hiding in encrypted image[J]. Signal Processing Letters, 2011, 18(4):255-258.
[7] Tian J. Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2003, 13(8):890-896.
[8] Ni Z, Shi Y Q, Ansari N, Su W. Reversible data hiding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2006, 16(3):354-362.
[9] Celil M U, Sharma G, Tekalp A M, Saber E. Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2005, 14(2):253-266.
[10] 张新鹏,王朔中.对OPA密写的检测和增强安全性的调色板图像密写方案[J].电子学报, 2004, (10):1702-1705. Zhang X P, Wang S Z. Detection of OPA stego-data and secure steganography in palette images[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2004(10):1702-1705. (in Chinese)
[11] Kwan M. The gifshuffle homepage[EB/OL]. http://www.darkside.com.au/gifshuffle/, 2003
[12] Bandyopadhyay S K, Maitra I K, Bhattacharyya D, Tai-Hoon K. Reserved fields of palette for data hiding in steganography[C]//International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2010 International Conference, 2010:398-402.
[13] Liu H M, Zhang Z F, Huang J W, Huang X L, Shi Y Q. A high capacity distortion-free data hiding algorithm for palette image[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2003:916-919.
[14] Saleha N A, Boghdaya H N, Shaheenb S I, Darwishb A M. High capacity lossless data embedding technique for palette images based on histogram analysis[J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2010, 20(6):1629-1636.
