区块链经历了高速发展，诞生了许多形态各异的底层技术平台，然而无论是基于同一平台还是不同平台构建的应用，都难以便捷地跨平台互通协作。在此背景下，构建可信链间交互渠道的跨链技术逐渐成为业界关注的焦点，但目前学术界和产业界对跨链交易缺乏统一准确的定义，且现有的跨链技术主要聚焦于资产交换和资产互换场景，存在通用性不足、关键技术碎片化、实现方式差异显著等问题。为此，本文分析了当前的主流跨链技术，提出了通用区块链跨链交易形式化定义，并基于该定义以资产交换跨链模式为例设计了跨链算法。最后将上述算法在现有的经典跨链平台BitXHub和Polkadot上进行了实例验证。跨链验证与实验数据表明，本文提出的形式化定义及跨链算法不仅可以为已有跨链平台的进一步完善提供指导，而且还给未出现的或者未实际应用的数据型跨链提供有效参考。
Blockchain has experienced rapid development, giving rise to a variety of underlying platforms. However, whether applications are built on the same or different platforms, achieving seamless cross-platform interoperability and collaboration remains a significant challenge. Against this backdrop, cross-chain technology for building trusted inter-chain interaction channels has gradually become the focus of attention in the industry. Despite this growing interest, both academia and industry lack a unified and accurate definition of cross-chain transactions. Existing cross-chain technologies mainly focus on asset exchange and swap scenarios but suffer from insufficient universality, fragmented key technologies, and inconsistent implementation methods. Aiming at the above problems, this paper analyzes current mainstream cross-chain technologies, proposes a formal definition of general blockchain cross-chain transaction, and designs a cross-chain algorithm based on this definition taking asset exchange cross-chain mode as an example. Finally, the above algorithm is validated using existing classic cross-chain platforms such as BitXHub and Polkadot. Experimental results show that the formal definition and cross-chain algorithm proposed in this paper can not only provide guidance for improving existing platforms, but also offer effective references for future data-based cross-chain platforms that have not yet appeared or have not been applied in practice.
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