针对IOTA网络中的节点恶意攻击，提出了一种基于节点信誉值的共识机制RV_IOTA。在RV_IOTA中引入时间衰减的动态信誉值系统，即根据历史交易表现调整节点的信誉值，若交易有效则提升信誉值，若交易冲突（如双花攻击）则降低信誉值，从而限制恶意节点的影响力。RV_IOTA根据节点信誉值优化选择Tips算法，根据信誉值和交易累积权重调整Tips的被引用概率，使高信誉节点发布的交易更容易被验证。本文提出的机制有效抑制了网络初期的双花攻击，降低了攻击的成功率，并限制了恶意节点的交易投放能力，促使诚实节点主导共识过程，保证了网络的稳健性和安全性。实验结果表明，在500节点规模下，RV_IOTA实现39 TPS的吞吐量，较传统IOTA提升了15%，同时高信誉节点的交易确认时延缩短至1.2 s。通过将Tips选择验证范围从全局缩减至邻域，算法复杂度也得到了降低，在仅增加25%内存开销的情况下，所提机制为物联网应用提供了高效可靠的去中心化解决方案。
A consensus mechanism based on node reputation values is proposed to address malicious attacks on nodes in the IOTA network. In RV_IOTA, a dynamic reputation value system with time decay is introduced. The reputation value of nodes is adjusted based on their historical transaction performance: valid transactions lead to an increase in the reputation value, while conflicting transactions (such as double-spending attacks) cause a decrease in it, thereby limiting the influence of malicious nodes. RV_IOTA optimizes the selection of Tips algorithm based on node reputation values, which adjusts the probability of Tips being referenced according to reputation values and cumulative transaction weights, making transactions issued by high-reputation nodes more likely to be verified. The proposed mechanism effectively suppresses double-spending attacks in the early stage of the network, reduces the success rate of attacks, and restricts the transaction submission capabilities of malicious nodes, promoting honest nodes to dominate the consensus process and ensuring the robustness and security of the network. Experimental results show that with a scale of 500 nodes, RV_IOTA achieves a throughput of 39 TPS, a 15% improvement over traditional IOTA. Meanwhile the transaction confirmation delay for high-reputation nodes is reduced to 1.2 seconds. By reducing the verification scope of Tips selection from global to neighborhood, the algorithm complexity is decreased. With only a 25% increase in memory overhead, it provides an efficient and reliable decentralized solution for IoT applications.
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