Blockchain

A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree Topological Network

Expand
  • 1. Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Trusted Computing, Beijing 100124, China

Received date: 2019-10-31

  Online published: 2020-01-19

Abstract

The practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm suffers its performance bottleneck in wide-area networks with a large number of nodes. In order to improve the scalability of the algorithm, we propose to divide the whole network consensus into several subnetwork consensus based on tree topology network. At the same time, a reputation model is introduced to reduce the influence of fault nodes in the consensus process and improve the security, fault tolerance and reliability of the system. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significantly improved comparing with the original one, showing good scalability and applicability to large-scale permissioned blockchain system.

Cite this article

BAO Zhenshan, WANG Kaixuan, ZHANG Wenbo . A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree Topological Network[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020 , 38(1) : 34 -50 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2020.01.003

References

[1] 袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016, 42(4):3-16. Yuan Y, Wang F Y. Current situation and prospect of blockchain technology[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2016, 42(4):3-16.(in Chinese)
[2] 袁勇,倪晓春,曾帅,等.区块链共识算法的发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报, 2018, 44(11):93-104. Yuan Y, Ni X C, Zeng S, et al. Development status and prospect of block chain consensus algorithm[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2018, 44(11):93-104.(in Chinese)
[3] Lamport L, Shostak R, Pease M. The Byzantine generals problem[J]. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 1982, 4(3):382-401.
[4] Nakamoto S. Bitcoin:a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].[2019-12-23]. http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[5] Douceur J R. The sybil attack[C]//International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA, March, 2002:251-260.
[6] Croman K, Decker C, Eyal I, et al. On scaling decentralized blockchains[C]//International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Christ Church, Barbados, February 2016:106-125.
[7] Bentov I, Gabizon A, Mizrahi A. Cryptocurrencies without proof of work[C]//International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Christ Church, Barbados, February, 2016:142-157.
[8] Larimer D. Delegated proof-of-stake (DPOS)[J]. Bitshare Whitepaper, 2014.
[9] Wood G. Ethereum:a secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger[J]. Ethereum Project Yellow Paper, 2014, 151:1-32.
[10] Lamport L. The part-time parliament[J]. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 1998, 16(2):133-169.
[11] Ongaro D, Ousterhout J. In search of an understandable consensus algorithm[C]//2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June, 2014:305-319.
[12] Castro M, Liskov B. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance[C]//Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Cambridge, MA, 1999, 99:173-186.
[13] Veronese G S, Correia M, Bessani A N, et al. Efficient Byzantine fault-tolerance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2011, 62(1):16-30.
[14] Kapitza R, Behl J, Cachin C, et al. CheapBFT:resource-efficient Byzantine fault tolerance[C]//Proceedings of the 7th ACM European conference on Computer Systems, Bern, Switzerland, April, 2012:295-308.
[15] Liu J, Li W, Karame G O, et al. Scalable Byzantine consensus via hardware-assisted secret sharing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2018, 68(1):139-151.
[16] Gueta G G, Abraham I, Grossman S, et al. SBFT:a scalable and decentralized trust infrastructure[C]//201949th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), Portland, OR, USA, June, 2019:568-580.
[17] Distler T, Cachin C, Kapitza R. Resource-efficient Byzantine fault tolerance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2015, 65(9):2807-2819.
[18] Jalalzai M M, Busch C, Richard III G. Proteus:a scalable BFT consensus protocol for blockchains[J/OL]. arXiv preprint arXiv, 2019, 1903.04134.
[19] Meng Y, Cao Z, Qu D. A committee-based Byzantine consensus protocol for blockchain[C]//2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), Beijing, China, November, 2018:1-6.
[20] Long J, Wei R. Scalable BFT consensus mechanism through aggregated signature gossip[C]//2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), Seoul, Korea (South), May, 2019:360-367.
[21] Fan X. Scalable practical Byzantine fault tolerance with short-lived signature schemes[C]//Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Markham, Ontario, Canada, October, 2018:245-256.
[22] Thai Q T, Yim J C, Yoo T W, et al. Hierarchical Byzantine fault-tolerance protocol for permissioned blockchain systems[J]. The Journal of Supercomputing, 2019, 75(11):7337-7365.
[23] Nawab F, Sadoghi M. Blockplane:a global-scale Byzantizing middleware[C]//2019 IEEE 35th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Macao, Macao, April, 2019:124-135.
[24] Gai K, Wu Y, Zhu L, et al. Privacy-preserving energy trading using consortium blockchain in smart grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2019, 15(6):3548-3558.
[25] Gai K, Wu Y, Zhu L, et al. Permissioned blockchain and edge computing empowered privacypreserving smart grid networks[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019, 6(5):7992-8004.
[26] Zhu L, Wu Y, Gai K, et al. Controllable and trustworthy blockchain-based cloud data management[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2019, 91:527-535.
[27] Fischer M J, Lynch N A, Paterson M S. Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process[R]. Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge lab for Computer Science, 1982.
[28] Sorensen D. Establishing standards for consensus on blockchains[C]//International Conference on Blockchain, San Diego, CA, USA, June, 2019:18-33.
[29] Dwork C, Lynch N, Stockmeyer L. Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony[J]. Journal of the ACM, 1988, 35(2):288-323.
[30] Miller A, Xia Y, Croman K, et al. The honey badger of BFT protocols[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Vienna, Austria, 2016:31-42.
[31] Xu H, Long Y, Liu Z, et al. Dynamic practical Byzantine fault tolerance[C]//2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), Beijing, China, 2018:1-8.
[32] Androulaki E, Barger A, Bortnikov V, et al. Hyperledger fabric:a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains[C]//Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference, Porto, Portugal, 2018:30.
[33] Anderson C. Docker[software engineering] [J]. IEEE Software, 2015, 32(3):102-c3.
Outlines

/