The paper aims to propose a watermarking algorithm based on rotation stable region and two-level SVD decomposition to improve the imperceptibility and the robustness of watermarking systems. First, the stable region where pixels are approximately lossless is selected. Then, the region is transformed by using redundant discrete wavelet transform, and the low-frequency sub-block is divided into non-overlapping blocks. Next, each subblock is decomposed by using SVD, and the first row and the first column of singular values are extracted to construct a characteristic matrix, and the characteristic matrix is decomposed by using SVD for the second time. Finally, an appropriate scaling factor is selected to embed the watermarking into the singular values of the characteristic matrix. When extracting watermarking, Radon transform is used to correct the host image containing the watermarking information, and the watermarking information is extracted. Experiments with the proposed algorithm show high PSNR values of above 45 dB and high normalized correlation (NC) values of greater than 0.90. It is verified that the watermarking algorithm performs good imperceptibility and ability of anti-geometric attack and highly guaranteed embedding capacity of the watermark. The algorithm has high practical application value in digital copyright protection.
CHEN Qing, XIA Lanting, BU Ying
. Robust Watermarking Algorithm Based on Two-Level Singular Value Decomposition[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020
, 38(6)
: 966
-975
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2020.06.013
[1] Ajili S, Hajjaji M A, Mtibaa A. Hybrid SVD-DWT watermarking technique using AES algorithm for medical image safe transfer[C]//International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, IEEE, Sousse, Tunisia, 2016:69-74.
[2] 叶天语. DWT-SVD域全盲自嵌入鲁棒量化水印算法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2012, 17(6):644-650. Ye T Y. A fully blind self-embeding robust quantization watermarking algorithm for DWT-SVD domain[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2012, 17(6):644-650. (in Chinese)
[3] Shama A, Khunteta A. Satellite image enhancement using discrete wavelet transform, singular value decomposition and its noise performance analysis[C]//2016 International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ICMETE), Ghaziabad, 2016:594-599.
[4] 栾炜, 曹建农. 基于QR码和DWT-SVD分解的双水印算法[J]. 包装工程, 2018, 39(19):197-203. Luan W, Cao J N. Double watermarking algorithm based on QR code and DWT-SVD decomposition[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2018, 39(19):197-203. (in Chinese)
[5] Mashalkar A M S D, Shirgan S S. Design of scheme in medical image authentication using DWT and SVD technique[C]//2017 International Conference on Computing Metho Watermarking Dologies and Communication (ICCMC), Erode, 2017:955-960.
[6] Makbol N M, Khoo B E. Robust blind image watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition[J]. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2013, 67(2):102-112.
[7] Adul V, Mwangi E. A robust video watermarking approach based on a hybrid SVD/DWT technique[C]//2017 IEEE AFRICON, Cape Town, 2017:309-313.
[8] Makbol N M, Khoo B E, Rassem T H. Block-based discrete wavelet transform-singular value decomposition image watermarking scheme using human visual system characteristics[J]. IET Image Processing, 2016, 10(1):34-52.
[9] Takore T T, Kumar P R, Devi G L. Efficient gray image watermarking algorithm based on DWT-SVD using genetic algorithm[C]//2016 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), Chennai, 2016:1-6.
[10] 何冰. 基于Radon变换和四元数实矩阵的彩色图像零水印算法[J]. 光学技术, 2016, 42(2):166-171. He B. Color image zero watermarking algorithm based on Radon transform and quaternion real matrix[J]. Optical Technology, 2016, 42(2):166-171. (in Chinese)
[11] Makbol N M, Khoo B E, Rassem T H, et al. A new reliable optimized image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition for copyright protection[J]. Information Sciences, 2017(417):381-400.
[12] 孙彦飞, 陈青. 基于Radon变换与Schur分解的彩色图像水印算法[J]. 包装工程, 2018, 39(21):183-188. Sun Y F, Chen Q. Color image watermarking algorithm based on Radon transform and Schur decomposition[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2018, 39(21):183-188. (in Chinese)
[13] 陈青, 翁旭峰. 基于Harris特征点和伪Zernike矩的鲁棒水印算法[J]. 电子科技, 2016, 29(3):183-186. Chen Q, Weng X F. A robust image watermarking based on Harris feature points and pseudoZernike moments[J]. ElectronicTechnology, 2016, 29(3):183-186. (in Chinese)
[14] Najafi E, Loukhaoukha K. Hybrid secure and robust image watermarking scheme based on SVD and sharp frequency localized contourlet transform[J]. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 2019(44):144-156.
[15] 齐向明, 高婷. 图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2017, 22(6):719-730. Qi X M, Gao T. Image block invisibility and robust equalization watermarking algorithm[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2017, 22(6):719-730. (in Chinese)
[16] 展虎, 毛力. 基于NSCT-DCT-DWT-SVD联合数字水印算法[J]. 计算机应用与软件, 2018, 35(3):309-315. Zhan H, Mao L. Joint digital watermarking algorithm based on NSCT-DCT-DWT-SVD[J]. Computer Applications and Software, 2018, 35(3):309-315. (in Chinese)
