Optical Fiber Sensors Technology

Detection Technology of Atomic Spin Precession

Expand
  • School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received date: 2021-06-21

  Online published: 2021-10-11

Abstract

Spin is the intrinsic characteristic of atoms, which is sensitive to magnetic field or inertial rotation. Magnetic field or inertial rotation can be measured by detecting the spin precession of atoms, accordingly, atomic magnetometer, atomic gyro, and other atomic sensors are formed. Atomic sensing technology based on atomic spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) states includes the preparation of atomic SERF states and the detection of atomic spin precession. The preparation of atomic SERF states is the premise to achieve high sensitivity, low noise, and high stability sensing, and the detection of atomic spin precession is the key to achieve high-performance measurement. In this paper, the principle of atomic precession and its detection method is briefly described first. For the spin precession detection of high-performance SERF atomic spin gyroscope and magnetometer, three types of atomic spin precession detection techniques and their characteristics are introduced, compared, and analyzed.

Cite this article

CHEN Dongying, YANG Yuanhong . Detection Technology of Atomic Spin Precession[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2021 , 39(5) : 777 -792 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2021.05.005

References

[1] Dehmelt H G. Modulation of a light beam by precessing absorbing atoms[J]. Physical Review, 1957, 105(6):1924-1925.
[2] Bell W E, Bloom A L. Optical detection of magnetic resonance in alkali metal vapor[J]. Physical Review, 1957, 107(6):1559-1565.
[3] Simpson J H, Fraser J T, Greenwood I A. An optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace, 1963, 1(2):1107-1110.
[4] Allred J C, Lyman R N, Kornack T W, et al. High-sensitivity atomic magnetometer unaffected by spin-exchange relaxation[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(13):130801.
[5] Kornack T W, Ghosh R K, Romalis M V. Nuclear spin gyroscope based on an atomic comagnetometer[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(23):230801.
[6] Kominis I K, Kornack T W, Allred J C, et al. A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer[J]. Nature, 2003, 422(6932):596-599.
[7] Happer W, Mathur B S. Off-resonant light as a probe of optically pumped alkali vapors[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1967, 18(15):577-580.
[8] Seltzer S J, Romalis M V. Unshielded three-axis vector operation of a spin-exchangerelaxation-free atomic magnetometer[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2004, 85(20):4804-4806.
[9] Colombo A P, Carter T R, Borna A, et al. Four-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometer for magnetoencephalography[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(14):15403-15416.
[10] Karaulanov T, Savukov I, Kim Y J. Spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer with nearly parallel pump and probe beams[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2016, 27(5):055002.
[11] Kornack T W, Romalis M V. Dynamics of two overlapping spin ensembles interacting by spin exchange[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(25):253002.
[12] Fang X, Wei K, Zhao T, et al. High spatial resolution multi-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometer based on a spatial light modulator[J]. Optics Express, 2020, 28(18):26447-26460.
[13] Hu Y H, Liu X J, Li Y, et al. An electro-optic modulator detection method in all optical atomic magnetometer[C]//Asia Pacific Optical Sensors Conference, 2016:Tu3A. 6.
[14] Dang H B, Maloof A C, Romalis M V. Ultrahigh sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(15):151110.
[15] Meyer D, Larsen M. Nuclear magnetic resonance gyro for inertial navigation[J]. Gyroscopy and Navigation, 2014, 5(2):75-82.
[16] Limes M E, Sheng D, Romalis M V. 3He-129Xe Comagnetometery using 87Rb detection and decoupling[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2018, 120(3):033401.
[17] Liu X J, Yang Y H, Ding M, et al. Single-fiber Sagnac-like interferometer for optical rotation measurement in atomic spin precession detection[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(4):1317-1324.
[18] Yang Y H, Chen D Y, Jin W, et al. Investigation on rotation response of spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic spin gyroscope[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7:148176-148182.
[19] 杨远洪, 刘琳妮, 陈东营, 等. 基于圆偏振探测光的光纤原子自旋进动检测技术[J]. 光学学报, 2019, 39(1):323-328. Yang Y H, Liu L N, Chen D Y, et al. Detection method of fiber atomic spin precession based on circularly polarized probe light[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(1):323-328. (in Chinese)
[20] Seltzer S J. Developments in alkali-metal atomic magnetometry[D]. Princeton:Princeton University, 2008:38-49.
[21] Fan W F, Liu G, Li R J, et al. A three-axis atomic magnetometer for temperature-dependence measurements of fields in a magnetically shielded environment[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2017, 28(9):095007.
[22] 秦杰. 基于129Xe-Cs的SERF原子自旋陀螺仪原理实验研究[D]. 北京:北京航空航天大学, 2012:28-30.
[23] Minguzzi P, Strumia F, Violino P. Temperature effects in the relaxation of optically oriented alkali vapours[J]. Il Nuovo Cimento B, 1966, 46(2):145-162.
[24] Jiang L W, Duan L H, Liu J L, et al. Examination of spin-exchange relaxation in the alkali metal-noble gas comagnetometer with a large electron magnetic field[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021, 70:1-8.
[25] Fan W F, Quan W, Liu F, et al. Low drift nuclear spin gyroscope with probe light intensity error suppression[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2019, 28(11):110701.
[26] Liu J L, Jiang L W, Liang Y X, et al. A fast measurement for relaxation rates and fermicontact fields in spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2020, 69(10):7805-7812.
[27] MicroSERF zero field vector magnetometer[EB/OL].[2021-06-21]. https://twinleaf.com/vector/microSERF/.
[28] Yao H, Li Y, Ma D, et al. Acousto-optic modulation detection method in an all-optical K-Rb hybrid atomic magnetometer using uniform design method[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(22):28682-28692.
[29] Xing L, Zhai Y Y, Fan W F, et al. Miniaturized optical rotation detection system based on liquid crystal variable retarder in a K-Rb-21Ne gyroscope[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27(26):38061-38070.
[30] Johnson C N, Schwindt P D D, Weisend M. Magnetoencephalography with a two-color pump-probe, fiber-coupled atomic magnetometer[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(24):413-375.
[31] Johnson C N, Schwindt P D D, Weisend M. Multi-sensor magnetoencephalography with atomic magnetometers[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2013, 58(17):6065-6077.
[32] 郁道银, 谈恒英. 工程光学[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社, 1999:322-324.
[33] Wolfenden T D, Baird P G, Deeny J A, et al. Use of a Faraday modulator in a laser polarimeter for optical forward-wave level-crossing experiments in atomic vapours[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 1990, 1(10):1060-1066.
[34] Kornack T W. A test of CPT and Lorentz symmetry using a K-3He co-magnetometer[D]. Princeton:Princeton University, 2005.
[35] Fang J C, Wan S G, Qin J, et al. Spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetic gradiometer with dual-beam and closed-loop Faraday modulation[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-optical Physics, 2014, 31(3):512-516.
[36] 廖延彪. 偏振光学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2003:317-322.
[37] Modine F A, Major R W, Sonder E. High frequency polarization modulation method for measuring birefringence[J]. Applied Optics, 1975, 14(3):757-760.
[38] Wu Z, Kitano M, Happer W, et al. Optical determination of alkali metal vapor number density using Faraday rotation[J]. Applied Optics, 1986, 25(23):4483-4492.
[39] Kornack T W, Smullin S J, Lee S K, et al. A low-noise ferrite magnetic shield[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(22):223501.
[40] Duan L, Fang J, Li R, et al. Light intensity stabilization based on the second harmonic of the photoelastic modulator detection in the atomic magnetometer[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(25):32481-32489.
[41] Duan L H, Quan W, Jiang L W, et al. Common-mode noise reduction in an atomic spin gyroscope using optical differential detection[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(27):7734-7740.
[42] Quan W, Wang Q H, Zhai Y Y. A dual closed-loop drive and control system of photoelastic modulator for atomic magnetometer[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2018, 29(6):065105.
[43] 梁铨廷. 物理光学[M]. 3版. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2008:349-355.
[44] Hu Y H, Liu X J, Li Y, et al. An atomic spin precession detection method based on electrooptic modulation in an all-optical K-Rb hybrid atomic magnetometer[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics, 2017, 50(26):265001.
[45] Hu Y, Hu Z, Liu X, et al. Reduction of far off-resonance laser frequency drifts based on the second harmonic of electro-optic modulator detection in the optically pumped magnetometer[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(21):5927-5932.
[46] 杨远洪, 刘学静, 靳伟. 一种基于圆偏振探测光的原子自旋进动检测方法及装置:104677508A[P]. 2015-06-03.
[47] 刘学静. 基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的原子自旋进动检测方法与实验研究[D]. 北京:北京航空航天大学, 2019:44-45.
Outlines

/