基于MAODV算法的低轨卫星网络路由优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2026.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对低轨卫星网络中链路频繁断裂、路径恢复延迟长以及传统单路径路由协议可靠性差等问题，本文构建了一种融合轨道动态性与链路状态感知的网络模型，提出了一种基于多路径自组织按需距离向量（multipath ad hoc on-demand distance vector,MAODV）的自适应路由优化方法。该算法基于按需触发的路由发现机制，在距离向量扩散过程中同时获取并维护多条可达路径，形成候选路径集合，再结合轨道变化引起的链路可用性波动，实时采集路径跳数、链路质量、节点负载和剩余能量等跨层参数，构建综合路径代价，以选择更加适应动态拓扑的主路径及备用路径。本文基于MATLAB与STK（Satellite Tool Kit）构建联合仿真环境，通过与其他协议的对比实验验证了所提算法在吞吐量、时延方面的优越性。仿真结果表明，在相同星座与业务条件下，所提方法在平均吞吐量方面相较自组织按需距离向量路由（ad hoc on-demand distance vector,AODV）协议、动态源路由（dynamic source routing,DSR）协议与优化链路状态路由（optimized link state routing,OLSR）协议显著提升；平均端到端时延比三者明显降低，从而验证了所提算法在动态低轨拓扑中的性能优势。

关键词: 低地球轨道, 卫星网络, 自组织按需距离向量路由协议, 多路径路由, 负载均衡

Abstract: To address the challenges of frequent link disruptions, long route recovery delays, and poor reliability of traditional single-path routing protocols in low earth orbit satellite networks, this paper constructs a network model that integrates orbital dynamics with link-state awareness and proposes an adaptive routing optimization method based on the multipath ad hoc on-demand distance vector (MAODV) protocol. The proposed method employs an on-demand route discovery mechanism to simultaneously acquire and maintain multiple feasible paths during distance-vector propagation, thereby forming a candidate path set. By further considering link availability fluctuations induced by orbital dynamics, cross-layer parameters—including hop count, link quality, node load, and residual energy—are collected in real time to construct a comprehensive path cost metric, which is used to select both primary and backup paths that are better suited to highly dynamic topologies. A joint simulation environment is established using MATLAB and STK (Satellite Tool Kit), and comparative experiments with representative routing protocols are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate that, under identical constellation and traffic conditions, the proposed method achieves average throughput improvements of approximately 4.29%, 4.77%, and 3.82% over the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocols, respectively. Moreover, the average end-to-end delay is significantly reduced compared with these baseline protocols, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach in dynamic LEO satellite network scenarios.

Key words: low earth orbit (LEO), satellite network, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, multipath routing, load balancing

中图分类号:

TN927⁺.2

康玉洁, 施建锋, 李宝龙. 基于MAODV算法的低轨卫星网络路由优化[J]. 应用科学学报, 2026, 44(2): 208-223.

KANG Yujie, SHI Jianfeng, LI Baolong. Routing Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks Based on MAODV algorithm[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2026, 44(2): 208-223.

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