针对哈希时间锁定协议无法实现跨链资产转移的问题，提出一种基于矿工的改进哈希时间锁定跨链交互协议。首先，在原子交换过程中加入了椭圆曲线加密算法，该算法使矿工在目标链上安全的生成与锁定交易，以完成用户的跨链资产转移；然后，在协议中加入了矿工节点的竞争选取算法与奖惩算法，以实现一种新的币信证明共识机制；最后，对协议中的智能合约及其功能函数进行了详细阐述。在以太坊私链平台上进行仿真实验，结果表明该协议可安全地完成跨链资产转移，有效地激励矿工积极参与跨链交易。
To overcome the challenging problem of the inability of hashed timelock contract to realize cross-chain asset transfers, an improved cross-chain protocol based on miners is proposed. The protocol incorporates elliptic curve cryptography during the atomic swap process, enabling miners to generate and lock transactions on the target chain, thereby completing cross-chain asset transfers. Additionally, a competitive selection algorithm and a reward-punishment algorithm for miner nodes are integrated into the protocol to implement a new proof-of-coin-trust consensus mechanism. Finally, the protocol’s smart contracts and their functional capabilities are described in detail. Simulation results based on Ethereum show that cross-chain asset transfer is safely completed, and honest miners are motivated to actively participate in cross-chain transactions.
[1] Nakamoto S. Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system [J]. Decentralized Business Review, 2008, 21260.
[2] Buterin V. Chain interoperability [EB/OL]. 2016[2022-09-20]. https://allquantor.at/blockchainbib/pdf/buterin2016chain.pdf
[3] Schwartz E. A payment protocol of the web, for the web: or, finally enabling web micropayments with the interledger protocol [C]//Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web. 2016: 279-280.
[4] Thomas S, Schwartz E. A protocol for interledger payments [EB/OL]. 2015[2022-09-20] https://interledger.org/interledger.pdf.
[5] Back A, Corallo M, Dashjr L, et al. Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains [EB/OL]. 2014[2022-09-28]. http://wwwopensciencereviewcom/papers/123/enablingblockchain-innovations-with-pegged-sidechains.
[6] Poon J, Dryja T. The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments [EB/OL]. 2016[2022-09-28]. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/6148a75532281820459770d1/t/61af971f7ee2b432f1733aee/1638897446181/lightning-network-paper.pdf.
[7] 孟博, 王乙丙, 赵璨, 等. 区块链跨链协议综述[J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2022, 16(10): 2177-2192. Meng B, Wang Y B, Zhao C, et al. Survey on cross-chain protocols of blockchain [J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology, 2022, 16(10): 2177-2192. (in Chinese).
[8] 刘峰, 张嘉淏, 周俊杰, 等. 基于改进哈希时间锁的区块链跨链资产交互协议[J]. 计算机科学, 2022, 49(1): 336-344. Liu F, Zhang J H, Zhou J J, et al. Novel hash-time-lock-contract based cross-chain token swap mechanism of blockchai [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(1): 336-344. (in Chinese).
[9] Buterin V. A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform [J]. white paper, 2014, 3(37): 2-1.
[10] Androulaki E, Manevich Y, Muralidharan S, et al. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains [C]//Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference. 2018: 1-15.
[11] 宋博. 基于原子交换的跨链技术研究与应用[D]. 重庆: 重庆邮电大学, 2021.
[12] Barbàra F, Murru N, Schifanella C. Towards a broadcast time-lock based token exchange protocol [C]//Euro-Par 2021 International Workshops, 2022: 243-254.
[13] Dai B, Jiang S, Zhu M, et al. Research and implementation of cross-chain transaction model based on improved hash-locking [C]//Blockchain and Trustworthy Systems, 2020: 218-230.
[14] Qiu Q, Xiong Q. Research on elliptic curve cryptography [C]//8th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. IEEE, 2004, 2: 698-701.
[15] Nolan T. Alt chains and atomic transfers [EB/OL]. 2013[2022-08-20]. https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=193281.0
[16] Kiayias A, Zindros D. Proof-of-work sidechains [C]//Financial Cryptography and Data Security, FC 2019 International Workshops, 2020: 21-34.
[17] Gaži P, Kiayias A, Zindros D. Proof-of-stake sidechains [C]//2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2019: 139-156.
[18] Liu S G, Chen W Q, Liu J L. An efficient double parameter elliptic curve digital signature algorithm for blockchain [J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 77058-77066.
[19] Nastri M. Blockchain, smart contracts and new certainties: what future for notaries? [M]. Blockchain, Law and Governance. Springer. 2021, 22: 1-8.
[20] Wang Q, Huang J, Wang S, et al. A comparative study of blockchain consensus algorithms [C]//Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing, 2020, 1437(1): 012007.
[21] Qiao Y, Lan Q, Zhou Z, et al. Privacy-preserving credit evaluation system based on blockchain [J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2022, 188: 115989.
[22] 李祖建. 基于哈希时间锁定协议的区块链跨链算法研究与应用[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学.
[23] Pal A, Tiwari C K, Behl A. Blockchain technology in financial services: a comprehensive review of the literature [J]. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 2021, 14: 61-80.
