Abstract: Extracting the reflection coefficients of layers from seismic signals is important to the lithologic analysis and the success rate of drilling in finding the oil-gas-bearing structure. In this paper, an algorithm of deconvolution for the extraction of reflection coefficients is presented. The estimator got from this algorithm has the smallest variance of error among all linear estimators of reflection coefficients. The algorithm requires only a few computations and memory cells because of its recursive, in-place computation. Results of simulation indicate that, if the NSE (noise-to-signal ratio)is less than 30%, the algorithm is better in precision than Levinson's algorithm; if the NSR condition is worse, the two algorithms approximately have the same error curve.