基于微结构光纤的纤内实验室技术及其应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2017.04.001

Abstract

Abstract:

The cross-section of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) has a microstructure, usually micron-sized air holes, distributed according to a certain law. It remains unchanged along the fiber axis. These air holes limit light in the fiber core. MOF is an excellent waveguide medium, and the micron-scale air holes distributed in its cladding or core can act as a channel of material integration. Therefore, MOF is an ideal carrier for constructing lab in fiber. In this paper, we discuss the classification and the light conduction mechanism of MOF and, based on the recent research in the authors' group, summarize the principle, methods of implementation and main applications of lab in fiber technology based on MOF.

Key words: microstructured optical fiber, lab in fiber, photonic crystal fiber, photonics device

CLC Number:

TN253

LIU Yan-ge, WANG Zhi. Microstructured Optical Fiber-Based Lab and Its Applications[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2017, 35(4): 405-433.

References

[1] Knight J C, Birks T A, Russell P S J, Atkin D M. All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding[J]. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(19):1547-1549.
[2] Knight J C, Broeng J, Birks T, Russell P S J. Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers[J]. Science, 1998, 282(5393):1476-1478.
[3] Cregan R F, Mangan B J, Knight J C, Birks T A, Russell P S J, Roberts P J, Allan D C. Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air[J]. Science, 1999, 285(5433):1537-1539.
[4] Russell P S J. Phtonic crystal fibers[J]. Science, 2003, 299(5605):358-362.
[5] Russell P S J. Photonic-crystal fibers[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(12):4729-4749.
[6] Vaiano P, Carotenuto B, Pisco M, Ricciardi A, Quero G, Consales M, Crescitelli A, Esposito E, Cusano A. Lab on fiber technology for biological sensing applications[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2016, 10(6):922-961.
[7] Broderick N G R, Monro T M, Bennett P J, Richardson D J. Nonlinearity in holey optical fibers:measurement and future opportunities[J]. Optics Letters, 1999, 24(20):1395-1397.
[8] Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fibers[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2003, 15(10):1384-1386.
[9] Lin W, Miao Y P, Song B B, Zhang H, Liu B, Liu Y G, Yan D L. Multimodal transmission property in a liquid-filled photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics Communications, 2015, 336:14-19.
[10] Martan T, Nemecek T, Komanec M, Ahmad R, Zvanovec S. Refractometric detection of liquids using tapered optical fiber and suspended core microstructured fiber:a comparison of methods[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(9):2388-2396.
[11] Yang X H, Yuan T T, Yang J, Dong B, Liu Y X, Zheng Y, Yuan L B. In-fiber integrated chemiluminiscence online optical fiber sensor[J]. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(17):3433-3436.
[12] Smith C M, Venkataraman N, Gallagher M T, Müller D, West J A, Borrelli N F, Allan D C, Koch K W. Low-loss hollow-core silica/air photonic bandgap fibre[J]. Nature, 2003, 424:657-659.
[13] Roberts P J, Couny F, Sabert H, Mangan B J, Williams D P, Farr L, Mason M W, Tomlinson A, Birks T A, Knight J C, Russell P S J. Ultimate low loss of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres[J]. Optics Express, 2005, 13(1):236-244.
[14] Couny F, Benabid F, Light P S. Large-pitch kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 2006, 31(24):3574-3576.
[15] Debord B, Alharbi M, Benoit A, Ghosh D, Dontabactouny M, Vincetti L, Blondy J M, Gerome F, Benabid F. Ultra low-loss hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for green spectral-range applications[J]. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(21):6245-6248.
[16] Kolyadin A N, Kosolapov A F, Pryamikov A D, Biriukov A S, Plotnichenko V G, Dianov E M. Light transmission in negative curvature hollow core fiber in extremely high material loss region[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(8):9514-9519.
[17] Li Z L, Zhou W Y, Liu Y G, Ye Q, Ma Y, Wei H F, Tian J G. Highly efficient fluorescence detection using a simplified hollow core microstructured optical fiber[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102:011136.
[18] Poletti F. Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(20):23807-23828.
[19] Temelkuran B, Hart S D, Benoit G, Joannopoulos J D, Fink Y. Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO₂ laser transmission[J]. Nature, 2002, 420:650-653.
[20] Luan F, George A K, Hedley T D, Pearce G J, Bird D M, Knight J C, Russell P S J. All-solid photonic bandgap fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 2004, 29(20):2369-2371.
[21] Bayindir M, Abouraddy A F, Shapira O. Kilometer-long ordered nanophotonic devices by preform-to-fiber fabrication[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2006, 12(6):1202-1213.
[22] Tao G, Abouraddy A F. Multimaterial fibers[J]. International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 2012, 3(4):349-368.
[23] Martelli C, Canning J, Lyytikainen K, Groothoff N. Water-core Fresnel fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2005, 13(10):3890-3895.
[24] Canning J, Stevenson M, Yip T K, Lim S K, Martelli C. White light sources based on multiple precision selective micro-filling of structured optical waveguides[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(20):15700-15708.
[25] Huang Y Y, Xu Y, Yariv A. Fabrication of functional microstructured optical fibers through a selective-filling technique[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2004, 85(22):5182-5184.
[26] Du J B, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Shi Q, Liu Z Y, Fang Q, Li J, Kai G Y, Dong X Y. Two accesses to achieve air-core's selective filling of a photonic bandgap fiber[C]//Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2007:6781.
[27] Xiao L M, Jin W, Demokan M S, Ho H L, Hoo Y L, Zhao C L. Fabrication of selective injection microstructured optical fibers with a conventional fusion splicer[J]. Optics Express, 2005, 13(22):9014-9022.
[28] Cordeiro C M, Dos-Santos E M, Brito-Cruz C H, de Matos C J, Ferreiira D S. Lateral access to the holes of photonic crystal fibers-selective filling and sensing applications[J]. Optics Express, 2006, 14(18):8403-8412.
[29] Wang Y, Liao C R, Wang D N. Femtosecond laser-a ssisted selective infiltration of microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(17):18056-18060.
[30] Wang F, Yuan W, Hansen O, Bang O. Selective filling of photonic crystal fibers using focused ion beam milled microchannels[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(18):17585-17590.
[31] Kuhlmey B T, Eggleton B J, Wu D K C. Fluid-filled solid-core photonic bandgap fibers[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2009, 27(11):1617-1630.
[32] Benabid F, Knight J C, Antonopoulos G, Russell P S J. Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber[J]. Science, 2002, 298(5592):399-402.
[33] Benabid F, Couny F, Knight J C, Birks T A, Russell P S J. Compact, stable and efficient all-fibre gas cells using hollow-core photonic crystal fibres[J]. Nature, 2005, 434(7032):488-491.
[34] Nielsen K, Noordegraaf D, Sørensen T, Bjarklev A, Hansen T P. Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres[C]//Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics, 2005, 7(8):L13.
[35] Spittel R, Hoh D, Brückner S, Schwuchow A, Schuster K, Kobelke J, Bartelt H. Selective filling of metals into photonic crystal fibers[C]//Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2011, 7946(1):181-213.
[36] Lee H W, Schmidt M A, Russell R F, Joly N Y, Tyagi H K, Uebel P, Russell P S J. Pressure-assisted melt-filling and optical characterization of Au nano-wires in microstructured fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(13):12180-12189.
[37] Schmidt M A, Granzow N, Da N, Peng M, Wondraczek L, Russell P S J. All-solid bandgap guiding in tellurite-filled silica photonic crystal fibers[J]. Optics Letters, 2009, 34(13):1946-1948.
[38] Sazio P J A, Amezcua-Correa A, Finlayson C E, Hayes J R, Scheidemantel T J, Baril N F, Gopalan V. Microstructured optical fibers as high-pressure microfluidic reactors[J]. Science, 2006, 311(5767):1583-1586.
[39] He R, Sazio P J A, Peacock A C, Healy N, Sparks J R, Krishnamurthi M, Gopalan V, Badding J V. Integration of gigahertz-bandwidth semiconductor devices inside microstructured optical fibres[J]. Nature Photonics, 2012, 6(3):174-179.
[40] Schmidt M A. Integration:Fibres embrace optoelectronics[J]. Nature Photonics, 2012, 6(3):143-145.
[41] Csaki A, Jahn F, Latka I, Henkel T, Malsch D, Schneider T, Schröder K, Schuster K, Schwuchow A, Spittel R, Zopf D, Fritzsche W. Nanoparticle layer deposition for plasmonic tuning of microstructured optical fibers[J]. Small, 2010, 6(22):2584-2589.
[42] Markos C, Yannopoulos S N, Vlachos K. Chalcogenide glass layers in silica photonic crystal fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(14):14814-14824.
[43] Russell P S J, Hölzer P, Chang W, Abdolvand A, Travers J C. Hollow-core photonic crystal fibres for gas-based nonlinear optics[J]. Nature Photonics, 2014, 8(4):278-286.
[44] Sprague M R, Michelberger P S, Champion T F M, England D G, Nunn J, Jin X M, Kolthammer W S, Abdolvand A, Russell P S J, Walmsley I A. Broadband singlephoton-level memory in a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre[J]. Nature Photonics, 2014, 8(4):287-291.
[45] Bykov D S, Schmidt O A, Euser T G, Russell P S J. Flying particle sensors in hollow-core photonic crystal fibre[J]. Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(7):461-465.
[46] Williams G O S, Chen J S Y, Euser T G, Russell P S J, Jones A C. Photonic crystal fibre as an optofluidic reactor for the measurement of photochemical kinetics with sub-picomole sensitivity[J]. Lab on a Chip, 2012, 12(18):3356-3361.
[47] Fan X, Yun S H. The potential of optofluidic biolasers[J]. Nature Methods, 2014, 11(2):141-147.
[48] Li Z L, Liu Y G, Yan M, Zhou W Y, Ying C F, Ye Q, Tian J G. A simplified hollow core microstructured optical fibre laser with microring resonators and strong radial emission[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(7):387.
[49] Li Z L, Zhou W Y, Luo M M, Liu Y G, Tian J G. Tunable optofluidic microring laser based on a tapered hollow core microstructured optical fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(8):10413-10420.
[50] Bise R T, Windeler R S, Kranz K S, Kerbage C. Tunable photonic band gap fiber[C]//Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. IEEE, 2002:466-468.
[51] Zhang C S, Kai G Y, Wang Z, Sun T T, Wang C, Liu Y G, Zhang W G, Liu J F, Yuan S Z, Dong X Y. Transformation of a transmission mechanism by filling the holes of normal silica-guiding microstructure fibers with nematic liquid crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 2005, 30(18):2372-2374.
[52] Zhang C S, Kai G Y, Wang Z, Liu Y G, Sun T T, Yuan S Z, Dong X Y. Tunable highly birefringent photonic bandgap fibers[J]. Optics Letters, 2005, 30(20):2703-2705.
[53] Alkeskjold T T, Lægsgaard J, Bjarklev A, Hermann D S, Broeng J, Li J, Wu S T. All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2004, 12(24):5857-5871.
[54] Haakestad M W, Alkeskjold T T, Nielsen M D, Scolari L, Riishede J, Engan H E, Bjarklev A. Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(4):819-821.
[55] Zografopoulos D C, Kriezis E E, Tsiboukis T D. Photonic crystal-liquid crystal fibers for single-polarization or high-birefringence guidance[J]. Optics Express, 2006, 14(2):914-925.
[56] Scolari L, Olausson C B, Weirich J, Turchinovich D, Alkeskjold T T, Bjarklev A, Eskildsen L. Tunable polarisation-maintaining filter based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre[J]. Electronics Letters, 2008, 44(20):1189-1190.
[57] Du J B, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Zou B, Liu B, Dong X Y. Liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber:different bandgap transmissions at different temperature ranges[J]. Applied Optics, 2008, 47(29):5321-5324.
[58] Du J B, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Zou B, Liu B, Dong X Y. Electrically tunable Sagnac filter based on a photonic bandgap fiber with liquid crystal infused[J]. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(19):2215-2217.
[59] Du J B, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Liu Z Y, Zou B, Jin L, Liu B, Kai G Y, Dong X Y. Thermally tunable dual-core photonic bandgap fiber based on the infusion of a temperature responsive liquid[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(6):4263-4269.
[60] Lee C R, Lin J D, Huang Y J, Huang S C, Lin S H, Yu C P. All-optically controllable dye-doped liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(10):9676-9689.
[61] Guo J Q, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Luo M M, Huang W, Han T T, Liu X Q. Broadband optically controlled switching effect in a microfluid-filled photonic bandgap fiber[J]. Journal of Optics, 2016, 18(5):055706.
[62] Wu D K C, Kuhlmey B T, Eggleton B J. Ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor[J]. Optics Letters, 2009, 34(3):322-324.
[63] Han T T, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Zou B, Tai B Y, Liu B. Avoided-crossing-based ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor[J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(12):2061-2063.
[64] Wang Y, Yang M, Wang D N, Liao C R. Selectively infiltrated photonic crystal fiber with ultrahigh temperature sensitivity[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2011, 23(20):1520-1522.
[65] Wang Y, Liao C R, Wang D N. Embedded coupler based on selectively infiltrated photonic crystal fiber for strain measurement[J]. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(22):4747-4749.
[66] Liang H, Zhang W G, Geng P C, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Guo J Q, Gao S C, Yan S Y. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and force with high sensitivities based on filling different index liquids into photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(7):1071-1073.
[67] Luo M M, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Han T T, Wu Z F, Guo J Q, Huang W. Twin-resonancecoupling and high sensitivity sensing characteristics of a selectively fluid-filled microstructured optical fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(25):30911-30917.
[68] Huang W, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Zhang W C, Luo M M, Liu X Q, Guo J Q, Liu B, Lin L. Generation and excitation of different orbital angular momentum states in a tunable microstructure optical fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(26):33741-33752.
[69] He Z, Zhu Y, Du H. Long-period gratings inscribed in air-and water-filled photonic crystal fiber for refractometric sensing of aqueous solution[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2008, 92(4):044105.
[70] He Z, Tian F, Zhu Y, Lavlinskaia N, Du H. Long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber as an optofluidic label-free biosensor[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2011, 26(12):4774-4778.
[71] Bertucci A, Manicardi A, Candiani A, Giannetti S, Cucinotta A, Spoto G, Corradini R. Detection of unamplified genomic DNA by a PNA-based microstructured optical fiber (MOF) Bragg-grating optofluidic system[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2015, 63:248-254.
[72] Zheng X B, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Han T T, Wei C L, Cheng J J. Transmission and temperature sensing characteristics of a selectively liquid-filled photonic-bandgap-fiber-based Sagnac interferometer[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 100(14):141104.
[73] Han T T, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Guo J Q, Wu Z F, Wang S X, Li Z L, Zhou W Y. Unique characteristics of a selective-filling photonic crystal fiber Sagnac interferometer and its application as high sensitivity sensor[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(1):122-128.
[74] Han T T, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Guo J Q, Wu Z F, Luo M M, Li S, Wang J, Wang W. Control and design of fiber birefringence characteristics based on selective-filled hybrid photonic crystal fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(12):15002-15016.
[75] Wu C, Tse M L V, Liu Z, Guan B O, Zhang A P, Lu C, Tam H Y. In-line microfluidic integration of photonic crystal fibres as a highly sensitive refractometer[J]. Analyst, 2014, 139(21):5422-5429.
[76] Luo M M, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Han T T, Guo J Q, Huang W. Microfluidic assistant beatfrequency interferometer based on a single-hole-infiltrated dual-mode microstructured optical fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(21):25224-25232.
[77] Sun Z L, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Tai B Y, Han T T, Liu B, Cui W T, Wei H F, Tong W Q. Long period grating assistant photonic crystal fiber modal interferometer[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(14):12913-12918.
[78] Huang W, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Liu B, Wang J, Luo M M, Guo J Q, Lin L. Multicomponent-intermodal-interference mechanism and characteristics of a long period grating assistant fluid-filled photonic crystal fiber interferometer[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(5):5883-5894.
[79] Huang W, Liu Y G, Wang Z, Liu B, Guo J Q, Luo M M, Lin L. Intermodal interferometer with low insertion loss and high extinction ratio composed of a slight offset point and a matching long period grating in two-mode photonic crystal fiber[J]. Applied Optics, 2015, 54(2):285-290.

Microstructured Optical Fiber-Based Lab and Its Applications

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments