Abstract: Visibility design of heritage parks is the key to implementing the planning concept of “experience-oriented”, which directly affects the dissemination of cultural heritage values. In view of the difficulty of traditional methods in accurately capturing the threedimensional spatial characteristics of mountain sites, a visibility analysis and evaluation system based on LiDAR data was established by taking the Baoxie Plank Road Heritage Park as an example. A technical framework of “data acquisition, preprocessing, model construction, viewshed analysis, quantitative evaluation, and optimization suggestions” was adopted. Data were collected by a backpack LiDAR system, and a three-dimensional voxel model with a precision of ≤ 5 cm was constructed. On this basis, three core indicators,including three-dimensional visibility, visual openness, and the proportion of ground object types in the view, were selected to carry out a quantitative analysis. The results show that there are significant differences in visibility among the three core scenic spots; the plank beam scenic spot H1 has the best visibility(the three-dimensional visibility of the optimal viewpoint is 1.000); the plank hole scenic spot Z1 is heavily blocked by vegetation and terrain, and its average three-dimensional visibility is only 0.044; the visibility of the scenic spot Z2 shows a significant spatial differentiation, with the average value of its near viewpoints reaching 0.708, that of the far viewpoints being only 0.056, and the overall average value being 0.251. In addition, terrain, vegetation(including tall arbors and low shrubs), heritage location, and viewing facilities are the four key factors affecting visibility.The optimization suggestions proposed in this paper can provide technical support for the planning of heritage parks and similar studies.

Key words: LiDAR point cloud, heritage park, visibility analysis, quantitative evaluation, mountain landscape, cultural heritage activation