适用于物联网环境的多维并行区块链

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0255-8297.2026.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 区块链在物联网场景中的应用不断普及，但其难以满足物联网设备对交易即时处理的需求，其吞吐量偏低的问题也日益凸显。现有方案多通过区块链分片、区块流水线、并发控制等技术提升吞吐量，但这类方案在部分冲突场景中的提升效果并不显著。本文通过梳理热点智能合约交易的特征及各类并发控制技术的适用场景，依托区块链分片技术构建高冲突率的热点智能合约分片与低冲突率的普通合约分片，为两类分片适配对应的并发控制技术，充分发挥各类技术的优势，最终实现分片间与交易间的高效多维并行。同时，本文还提出了可信传感器性能评估公式，依据传感器不同的性能为其分配适配的数据传输任务，以此提升整体数据传输效率。实验结果表明，本文所提方案的吞吐量提升效果显著，相较于其他单维并行方案，实现了更高效的性能提升。

关键词: 区块链, 并行执行, 热点智能合约, 分片, 吞吐量, 并发控制

Abstract: As the application of blockchain in the internet of things scenario continues to gain popularity, it becomes increasingly difficult to meet the real-time transaction processing requirements of IoT devices, and the issue of low blockchain throughput becomes increasingly prominent. Existing solutions often rely on technologies such as blockchain sharding, block pipeline, and concurrency control to enhance throughput, but these solutions do not significantly improve throughput in some conflict scenarios. This paper analyzed the characteristics of smart contract transactions of hotspots and the applicable scenarios of various concurrency control technologies. Relying on blockchain sharding technology, it constructed shards for smart contracts of hotspots with high conflict rates and shards for ordinary contracts with low conflict rates. It adapted corresponding concurrency control technologies for the two types of shards, fully leveraging the advantages of each technology to ultimately achieve efficient multi-dimensional parallelism between shards and transactions. Additionally, this paper proposed a formula for evaluating the performance of trusted sensors, assigning adaptive data transmission tasks based on different sensor capabilities, thereby enhancing overall data transmission efficiency. Experimental results have demonstrated that the improvement of throughput of the proposed solution is significant. The solution improves performance more efficiently compared to other single-dimensional parallelism solutions.

Key words: blockchain, parallel execution, smart contract of hotspot, sharding, throughput, concurrency control

中图分类号:

TP311.13

斯雪明, 马硕森, 姚中原. 适用于物联网环境的多维并行区块链[J]. 应用科学学报, 2026, 44(2): 282-296.

SI Xueming, MA Shuosen, YAO Zhongyuan. Multi-Dimensional Parallel Blockchain Suitable for IoT Environment[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2026, 44(2): 282-296.

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