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    30 June 2001, Volume 19 Issue 2
    Articles
    “Instantaneous Thin layer” Model for Non-Fick Mass Transfer
    JIANG Fang-ming, LIU Deng-ying
    2001, 19(2):  95-99. 
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    An "instantaneous thin layer" model for transnormal mass transfer is brought forward in this paper. In transnormal mass transfer,there is an interface existing in the medium,which divides the object into two parts:the "instantaneous thin layer",which is a thin layer region around the mass disturbance position,and the other part of the object. Mass transfer in the "thin layer" is governed by non-Fick law, while that in the other part still complies with the Fick's law approximatively. Mass transfer on the boundary surface of the "thin layer" region satisfies the continuous boundary conditions (i.e.the fourth kind of boundary conditions). An example of one-dimensional transnormal mass transfer, resulting from a pulsed mass disturbance source,is presented in this paper,too. The hyperbolic non-Fick mass transfer equation,which is similar to the hyperbolic non Fourier heat conduction equation,is used to describe this transnormal mass transfer,and the finite-difference method(FDM) combined with MacCormack's predictor-corrector schems is used to solve it. Ultimately the correlativity of the thickness of the "instantaneous thin layer" to the mass relaxation time, mass diffusivity and the mass disturbing source is obtained.
    Multipole Theory Analysis of the Higher Order Modal Characteristics of Circular-rectangular Coaxial Waveguide
    ZHENG Qin-hong, ZENG Hua, XIE Fu-yao
    2001, 19(2):  100-102. 
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    A new method, the multipole theory (MT) method, is presented for calculating the higher order modal characteristics of circular-rectangular coaxial waveguides. The results obtained by the MT method are compared with the exact data reported in the literature. It is shown that the MT method is an accurate and reliable approach for analyzing the higher order modal characteristics of circular-rectangular (C-R) coaxial waveguide.
    A Theoretical Study of Rock Strength Conditions
    LI Chuan-liang, KONG Xiang-yan
    2001, 19(2):  103-106. 
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    Effective stresses should be used instead of normal-stresses in the analysis of rock strength. Terzaghi effective stress is the approximation of structural effective stress. Terzaghi equation is only applicable to porous media like soil. Tight media like rock must adopt the structural effective stress,otherwise error will inevitably occur. Normal-stress analysis overestimates the strength of rock, and Terzaghi effective stress underestimates the strength of rock. Only the structural effective stress can provide the correct answer.
    Low Frequency Ultrasonic Multi-mode Lamb-like Wave Method for Characterizing the Ultra-thin Bonding Composite
    ZHANG Rui, WAN Ming-xi, CAO Wen-wu
    2001, 19(2):  107-112. 
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    A low-frequency ultrasonic Lamb-like wave method suitable for characterizing the thickness, density, shear and longitudinal wave velocities of the ultra-thin bonding composite is presented. The dispersion property of the low-frequency Lamb-like wave propagating along the ultra-thin bonding composite is derived, which is the basis of the characterization method. In conjunction with the method of the least square, the secant algorithm is used to estimate each layer's parameters of the ultra-thin bonding composite. The reasons for evaluation error of the parameters and the sensitivity of the method for different parameters are analyzed. Using the ultrasound coupler and a pair of broadband longitudinal wave transducers with 1MHz center frequency, we can successfully estimate the parameters of the ultra-thin bonding layer (with h of each layer smaller than 0.05λ) of the steel/brass composite by employing the leaky guided wave frequency-domain analysis method.
    Reliability Synthesis Assessment Based on the Information Theory for Sophisticated Products
    SUN You-chao
    2001, 19(2):  113-116. 
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    An effective reliability synthesis assessment method based on the information theory for sophisticated products is presented. The general conversion models are established according to the equivalent principle of information quantity,and the calculating formulae of the first and second approximate lower limits of the system reliability are given. The applications of this method are demonstrated by examples.
    Measurement of Mode Shapes of Vibration for Plates and Shells
    ZHOU Xing-de, WANG Feng-quan
    2001, 19(2):  117-120. 
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    In this paper, A new method of optically dynamic measurement is presented. The method applies the linear integral imaging mechanism of the CCD image sensor and combines time-average image method with digital image processing techniques. By using the method,the information of mode shapes of vibration for plates and shells can be reconstructed from their sta tic reference images and its time-average images under resonance state. The method is easy and needs only simple equipment.
    Chinese Tone Extraction in Extremely Noisy Background
    DAI Ming-yang, YU Kai, XU Bo-ling, YU Chong-zhi
    2001, 19(2):  121-126. 
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    This paper proposes a robust Chinese tone extraction algorithm based on the human auditory mechanism and short-term stationary of Chinese speech. In this method, we use the pooled correlogram based on human auditory model to extract the pitch of speech. An unsupervised lateral inhibitory network is used to get the peak position, which simulates the lateral inhibitory phenomenon in human auditory system. The pitch restriction between successive frames of speech is imposed to get rid of misjudgement in the output of lateral inhibitory network. As shown in the experiments, the method can extract Chinese tone quite well even in rather low SNR cases. It can separate the individual tone clearly as two speakers talk simultaneously.
    Video Transcoding Based on the Model of Resolution Reduction
    LI Xiao hui
    2001, 19(2):  127-130. 
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    The motion vectors and macroblock type during video transcoding based on resolution reduction are refined in this paper. A model of adaptive motion vectors is proposed based on the sum of the differential quantization errors, thus to reduced the search area. It is possible to achieve fast motion estimation for near-optimal outgoing motion vectors. This method may improve the computational complexity without significant losing in quality.
    The Effects of Pumping Perturbation on the Stability of Er-doped Fiber Laser
    YAN Sen-lin, WU Shi-bao, SUN Xiao-han, ZHANG Ming-de
    2001, 19(2):  131-134. 
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    In this paper, the effects of instantaneous state of Er-doped fiber laser are studied. The expressions in dicating the photon population density perturbations with time in Er-doped fiber laser are given. The fluctuation functions of photon population density under pumping perturbations are solved at the first order approximation. Furthermore, the properties of the white noise and the resonance effects are discussed in detail.
    The Domain Decomposition Method for EM Scattering Analysis of Arbitrary Finite Dielectric Cylinders
    WANG Jie, HONG Wei
    2001, 19(2):  135-139. 
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    In this paper the domain decomposition method (DDM) is used to analyze the EM scattering problems from inhomogeneous and anisotropic dielectric 3-D objects. In DDM, the original large domain is divided into several sub-domains. It is therefore very suitable for solving 3-D electrically large electromagnetic problems. A relaxed iterative procedure is presented for accelerating the iterative procedure. Good agreement between the results calculated by DDM and those from other literatures verifies the accuracy of DDM. Finally, the DDM is also applied to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in human body illuminated by electromagnetic waves. The conclusions drawn from this paper are consistent with those from other papers.
    A Efficient Method for Increasing the Capacities of WDM Star Single-hop Networks
    GAN Chao-qin, LIU Xue-ming, XIE Bin, SUN Xiao-han, ZHANG Ming-de
    2001, 19(2):  140-144. 
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    In this paper, a novel networking scheme with two star couplers in parallel is presented to solve the capacity problem of WDM star single-hop network. The network structure is introduced; communicatioms between nodes are analyzed, and the network capacity is computed and analyzed.
    Application of Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method to the RCS Analysis of Dipole-array Antennas
    ZHOU Hou-xing, TONG Chuang-ming, HONG Wei
    2001, 19(2):  145-148. 
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    To obtain the RCS of dipole-array antennas, the system of electric field integral equations is turned into a linear algebra system whose coefficient matrix is a symmetric block Toeplitz complex matrix by using Calerkin method with pulse basis functions. The linear algebra system is solved by a combination of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG) with the fast Fourier transform (FFT), where T. Chan optimal circulant preconditioner is used. The above method reduces the need for computer memory, speeds the iteration and enhances the convergence.
    A Self-organizing Fuzzy Neuron Network Model for Data Fusion of Radar Net
    ZHANG You-sai, LIU Wei-ting
    2001, 19(2):  149-152. 
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    A self-organizing fuzzy neuron network model for the data fusion of radar net is presented. The self-organizing feature of the model and WTA competition mechanism for maximizing the fussy membership function in the neuron's receptive field is analyzed. Its validity is demonstrated by the simulation of 2-D ships' track fusion.
    The Study on Indirect Multi-mode Control Method for Ship Track-keeping Autopilot
    CHENG Qi-ming
    2001, 19(2):  153-156. 
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    The track control strategies include direct approach and indirect approach. In this paper, the indirect multi-mode control method for ship track-keeping autopilot is discussed. The track autopilot works properly, its performance is satisfactory. The controller can capture current way point automatically, and keep the trajectory precisely on the planned route. When the ship approaches a way point, it can turn to the new course swiftly and smoothly.
    Time-delay Filter Anti-sway Control of Cranes with Load
    LIANG Chun-yan, JIA Qing, XIE Jian-ying
    2001, 19(2):  157-160. 
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    In this paper, time-delay filter technique is applied to the anti-sway control of cranes with load and is shown to significantly eliminate load residual sway. As a feed forward unit, time-delay filter does not require the measurement of swing angel of the load. It can eliminate load residual swing by merely shaping the acceleration control signal. It is a simple and easy method to be implemented in the microcomputer.
    An Interpolation Fuzzy Reasoning Approach Based on Vague Sets
    LI Fan, XU Zhang-yan, LU An
    2001, 19(2):  161-164. 
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    When the membership functions (represented by vague sets) of fuzzy terms are continuous functions, we give a one-to-one mapping between the universe of discourse of fuzzy terms in the antecedent of the rule and that in the consequent of the rule. In this way, we are able to find a method of interpolation fuzzy reasoning based on vague sets. When the membership functions of vague sets are discrete functions, after giving one-to-one mapping between the universe of discourse of fuzzy terms in the antecedent of the rule and that in the consequent of the rule, we carry out linear interpolation in the true/false membership functions of vague sets in the antecedent of the rule and fact, to turn them in to continuous functions. we are thus able to develop a method of interpolation fuzzy reasoning based on vague sets.
    Study of n-dimensional Extension Set
    CAI Guo-liang, DING Zhan-wen
    2001, 19(2):  165-169. 
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    In this paper, the definitions of the n-dimensional extension set and its extension field were first given. Then the operations and properties of the n-dimensional extension set were discussed. The concept of the m-dimensional positive field was given finally. The results obtained may enrich the theory of the n-dimensional extension set.
    The Rule Governing the Formation of Binary Bromide System
    BAO Xin-hua, WU Lan, LU Wen-cong, YAN Li-cheng, CHEN Nian-yi
    2001, 19(2):  170-172. 
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    A new pattern recognition method called hyper-polyhedron model has been proposed for investigating the rules governing the formation of binary complex bromide systems by using the atomic parameters (z/r)MXM'、IM、IM'. It has been found that the representative points of binary complex compound-forming systems and those of the systems without binary complex compound are distributed in different regions in the multidimensional space spanned by the atomic parameters. By using hyper-polyhedron method, a hyper-polyhedron model can be obtained to describe the boundaries of the zone where all the binary complex compound-forming samples are distributed. It is proved by means of the hyper-polyhedron model that RbBr-CaBr2 and CsBr-CaBr2 are binary complex compound-forming systems.

    Microstructure and Infrared Optical Properties of the Hydrogenate Carbon Nitride Film
    JU Jian-hua, XIA Yi-ben, ZHANG We-li, WANG Lin-jun, SHI Wei-min, HUANG Zhi-ming, LI Zhi-feng, ZENG Guo-zheng, TANG Ding-yuan
    2001, 19(2):  173-177. 
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    The microstructure and optical properties of nitrogen doped hydrogenated carbon DLC:N film deposited by rf plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) method were studied with the help of AFM, Raman, FTIR and IRE spectrometer. Absorption intensities of the peaks CNH(1600cm-1),CN(2200cm-1) and NH(3250cm-1) in the IR spectra increase with the ratio of flow N2/CH4. Raman spectra show that the shape of D and G band of DLC:N film varies slightly with the increase of N content, which means that the main structures of N doped films are still DLC. However, Gaussian fit results show that G band widens and the peak shifts to the low wavenumber in Raman spectra because amorphous C3N4 structure has formed in the film. AFM topographies and LFM images of DLC:N film confirm that the amorphous C3N4 exists as several tens nanometer particles in the film. IRE spectra analysis results show that refractive index of the film in infrared band(2~14 μm) slightly decreases from 1.8 to 1.6 with increased nitrogen content in the films.

    A Study of Dielectrical Properties of Functional Gradient Material Manufactured by a Filtration Method
    CHEN Wei, TANG Ze-rong, MIAO Jiang-ping, WU Zong-han, WATANABE Shigeo, HAYASH Niichi, TOUCHARD Gerard
    2001, 19(2):  178-181. 
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    In this paper, We discuss the dielectric property of dielectric functional gradient materials (DFGM) fabricated by a filtration method and its effect on electric field distribution through computer simulation. We also forecast its applications in engineering.
    Research Notes
    Reliable H State Feedback Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Strictly Redundant Actuators
    FU Yu-sun, TIAN Zuo-hua, SHI Song-jiao
    2001, 19(2):  182-184. 
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    This paper is concerned with the reliable state feedback controller design problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with strictly redundant actuators. The uncertainties are described by norm bounded condition. By using dissipative theory, a procedure of designing reliable nonlinear controller is presented on the basis of the solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi inequality. The resulting closed-loop system is reliable in the sense that the performance (i.e., internal stability and H attenuation) of the closed-loop system is guaranteed not only when all actuators are operational, but also when any actuator experiences an outage.
    Doped Ca-、Doped Ba-、Doped Ni- Todorokites and Their Electrochemical Behavior in Aqueous Electrolytes
    LIU Bin, XIA Xi
    2001, 19(2):  185-188. 
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    Some Todorokites containing Ca2+,Ba2+,Ni2+ were synthesized by having well defined crystals of nano phase W-MnO2 reacted with various salts in which the positive ion radius or the electron structure was similar to the Mg ion. XRD patterns showed that their crystal structure were Todorokite but contained some unreacting W-MnO2. The electrochemical behavior of those nano phase compounds were investigated by using cycling voltammetry and galvonostatic discharge tests in various electrolytes. The results indicated that the discharge capacities of Ca-T and Ba-T are far better than those of W-MnO2.