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Table of Content

    21 May 2010, Volume 28 Issue 3
    Communication Engineering
    Admission Control Strategy for Multi-priority Traffic in MANET Based on Flexible QoS
    LIU Chao, HU Ai-qun
    2010, 28(3):  221-228. 
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    To conform to the property of priority differentiation and meet the dynamic resource requirement for multimedia traffics, a dynamic resource allocation and optimization strategy based flexible admission control is presented. A new bandwidth adjustment rule, a path bandwidth calculation algorithm and a QoS routing protocol that meets dynamic resource requirements are designed to support applications of the scheme in the multi-hop network environments. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has low probabilities of new connection blocking and handoff connection dropping, and more traffic flows can be admitted. It supports differentiated services for flows with different priorities, and thus can achieve better share, balance and utilization for wireless resources as compared to conventional ones.

    Modeling and Analysis of Asynchronous Backoff Phenomena in IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function
    WU Qi-lin, LU Yang, NI Pu, GE Lun-yue
    2010, 28(3):  229-236. 
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    In single-hop wireless local area networks based on the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) protocol, packet collisions can cause asynchronous backoff among nodes. To analyze the effect of this phenomenon on the throughput of IEEE 802.11 DCF, this paper proposes a new analytic model of three-dimensional Markov chain, in which the unit-time of state transitions have a fixed length equal to the physical-layer slot. The sate transitions of freezing duration are considered. Simulations show that the analytic model is accurate for the two mechanisms of packet transmission employed by IEEE 802.11 DCF, and can lead to better correctness than the referenced model as the number of nodes increases.

    Trustworthy Global Reputation Model in Peer-to-Peer Networks
    WANG Kun, WU Meng
    2010, 28(3):  237-245. 
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    In terms of the nodes security issues in peer-to-peer networks, we present a global reputation model that dynamically updates the service trust value and requests trust value according to the transaction history. We also discuss the impact of five types of attacks on the reputation model in establishing the secure reputation model. Simulation results show that the trust updating algorithms and defense mechanisms of this model provide a high degree of robustness. Meanwhile, the reputation model can effectively protect honest nodes, reduce the trust value of malicious nodes, and restrain malicious behaviors.

    Signal and Information Processing
    Location of Space-Based Emitter in Non-cooperative Monitoring System
    YANG Bo, WANG Feng-hua, ZHOU Yi-yu, HUANG Zhi-tao
    2010, 28(3):  246-253. 
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    Multi-target location and association in the non-cooperative illuminating emitter of a space-based passive detection system are studied. The precision of target location is analyzed, and a multi-target association method using redundancy measurement proposed. The method can solve the problem of time difference of arrival matching in different stations. Simulation shows effective of the proposed method.

    Sub-pixel Matching of Square Grid Images for Strain Measurement in Sheet Metal Forming
    DONG Wei-chao, YE Nan, ZHANG Li-yan
    2010, 28(3):  254-260. 
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     We propose an algorithm for square grid image matching to be applied to the measurement of steel forming strain. The thinned image of grid lines is obtained with image binarization and thinning. A coarse-to-fine algorithm is executed to extract the sub-pixel image coordinates of grid nodes and establish topological relationship between nodes. An automatic matching algorithm is proposed to establish correspondence among grid nodes in multiple images according to the topological relation and epipolar constraint based on the known camera position and orientation in each shot. Experimental results show that the average epipolar distance of all
    matching points is approximately 0.17 pixels, and the matching method is stable and reliable. The results can be used in the subsequent strain calculation.

    Using Nonlinear Detector to Improve Detection of Multiple Signals in Generalized Gaussian Noise
    WANG You-guo, LIU Hong-wei
    2010, 28(3):  261-265. 
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    Based on the maximum a posteriori probability criterion, performance of a parallel nonlinear detector is compared with that of the optimal parallel linear detector for detection of multiple signals in generalized Gaussian noise. Performance of the parallel nonlinear detector is close to that of the optimal parallel linear detector in Gaussian noise. For generalized Gaussian noise, however, the parallel nonlinear detector has better performance, especially when the noise values are concentrated around zero.

    Multimodal Fusion Based on Concept Selection and Importance Measure
    GUO Ge, PING Xi-jian, ZHANG Tao
    2010, 28(3):  266-270. 
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    According to the characteristics of human cognitive processes, a multimodal fusion method of semantic concept selection and importance measure is proposed. Semantic concepts are first obtained in single mode, and a correlation detection method is used to decide semantic concept of fusion. Correlation detection can reduce the influence of diffusion error due to false detection semantic. Since the method of probability fusion cannot effectively handle the temporal characteristics of the semantic, an importance measure is introduced for high level semantic fusion. Experimental results show that the proposed method using temporal characteristics and relativity between concepts can better extract high-level semantic contents as compared to other fusion methods.

    Face Recognition Using Binary Structure-Based Feature Selection
    HU Xiao, YU Wang-xin, YAO Jing
    2010, 28(3):  271-276. 
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    This paper proposes a binary structure feature selection (BFS) for face recognition. In the proposed method, all classes are combined in pairs. Based on the two-class classifier, the most suitable features for discriminating these two classes are chosen to form a feature-selected space. During the test on an unknown sample image, similarities between the unknown image and all training classes are calculated in the featureselected space. The unknown image is thus judged to belong to the class which shows the highest similarity. Performance of the method has been tested with the AT&T and AR face databases. The results show that, compared with other methods, the proposed technique can achieve higher recognition rate with a low feature dimension.

    Altitude Data Processing and Fusion Technique in Satellite Navigation and Baro-altimeter
    ZHENG Zhi-ming, LIU Jian-ye, QIAN Wei-xing
    2010, 28(3):  277-282. 
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    We present an altitude data fusion approach for satellite navigation system and baro-altimeter. The altitude data noise of satellite navigation system and baro-altimeter is processed using an ARIMA model filtering method. Then, according to the altitude models of kinematics, satellite navigation systems and baroaltimeters, the equation of state and equation of measurement for altitude measurement are obtained. Kalman filtering is used to find an optimal estimate of the baro-altimeter. According to the measurement information complementary to each other, a recursive weighted least squares method is used to smooth the altitude data from the satellite navigation system to give high accuracy altitude information. Simulation results show that the system has a high degree of altitude measurement accuracy, which can meet the requirements of aero vehicles.

    Robust Digital Watermarking for MPEG-4 Based on Low Density Parity Check Coding
    HAO Teng, YU Yi-biao
    2010, 28(3):  283-288. 
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    A new digital watermarking algorithm for MPEG-4 video based on low density parity check (LDPC) coding is proposed. The watermark is embedded into and retrieved from the MPEG-4 video using the LDPC coding technique and human visual characteristics. The watermark is first encoded with LDPC before embedding into the intermediate frequency coefficients of the luminance components of the I-VOP. The watermark is retrieved blindly from the marked video using the LDPC iterative method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can decrease errors in the extracted watermark and is robust to common video attacking.

    Success Probability of Direction-Finding of MUSIC Algorithm with Modeling Errors
    WANG Ding, WU Ying
    2010, 28(3):  289-296. 
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    The direction-finding (DF) success probability is an important specification of the eigen-structure algorithm. We derive the DF success probability of the MUSIC algorithm in the presence of modeling errors. A closed-form expression of DF error and its statistical properties are obtained from the first-order Taylor expansion of the spatial spectrum function. Two classes of DF success definitions are given for single-source DF and holistic DF based on these definitions and statistical characteristics of the modeling errors. The calculation formulas of the DF success probability are derived. The theoretical analysis is validated through simulation using a uniform circular array (UCA) and a uniform linear array (ULA).

    Uniform Color Processing of Scanned Topographic Maps Using FFTW-Based Retinex
    FU Zhong-liang, TONG Chun-ya, SHAO Shi-wei
    2010, 28(3):  297-300. 
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    This paper analyzes the appearance of creases and light non-uniformity in scanned topographic maps, and applies the Retinex theory to process the maps. A processing method and a single-scale Retinex algorithm (SSR) are proposed based on the faster Fourier transform in the west (FFTW) and the Retinex theory. Experimental results show that the proposed method can overcome disadvantages of the mathematical model and effectively remove creases and light non-uniformity in scanned topographic maps.

    Modeling of Airborne High Resolution SAR Image Data
    WANG Hai-tao, YU Wen-zhen, CHANG Jian-ping, CHEN Ting-hui
    2010, 28(3):  301-306. 
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    Considering the absence of statistical analysis on land image data of high-resolution SAR, an enhanced version of K-S test based on data pre-treatment is proposed, and composite hypothesis tests designed to validate compatibility of the cropland data with the model of spherically invariant random vector (SIRV). Definition of the consistency region is given, meaning that the image is processed locally, to resolve the problem that higher order statistical characteristics are mathematically tractable in an SIRV model. Experiments show that the enhanced method of K-S test has good robustness for non-independent samples, and the cropland data are compatible with the SIRV model. By analyzing the cropland data, rationality of coherence region concept is proved, and the space scale of consistency region for the data is found.

    Improved Algorithms of HMM2 and Applications to MiRNA Target Predictions
    GAO Song, QIN Dian-gang, FENG Tie-nan, MA Cheng-rong, WANG Yi-fei
    2010, 28(3):  307-312. 
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    The hidden Markov model has important applications in speech recognition and bioinformatics. This paper studies basic algorithms of the second-order hidden Markov model (HMM2), improves the forward-backward algorithm and Baum-Welch training algorithm of the model. We provide the proof using normalization and recursion, making them easier to be understood and implemented in programming, and ensuring numerical stability. The HMM2 is applied to miRNA target predictions of post-processing filters with good results.

    Electronic Engineering
    Optimum Design of Quantum Teleportation Circuit
    PENG Fei, XIE Guang-jun
    2010, 28(3):  313-317. 
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    Optimum design of quantum teleportation circuit is achieved based on genetic algorithm, and a novel one-dimensional quantum coding mode is proposed to store the location information of quantum gates using the location information of codes. The method is more convenient than previous ones for coding and de-coding, and has high coding efficiency. It can well express the circuit structure, and is easy to be extended to multi-bit quantum circuits. A fitness function of the genetic algorithm is also presented with two parts to determine the function and performance of the quantum circuit. Experimental results are given to show that a better circuit structure has been obtained.

    Efficient Calculation of Electromagnetic Scattering from Cross-Interface 3D Structures in Lossy Multilayered Media
    LI Wen, YIN Cheng-you, MA Liang
    2010, 28(3):  318-325. 
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    In calculating electromagnetic scattering of arbitrary 3D structures in multilayered planar media, the main task is to calculate the Green’s function. The conventional discrete complex image method (DCIM) has some limitations. In this paper, we combine the enhanced DCIM (E-DCIM) with two dimensional DCIM (2D-DCIM) to compute the spatial domain closed-form Green’s function for arbitrary 3D structures partially embedded in dielectric interface in lossy multilayered media. The results are compared with the values obtained with numerical integration, and show agreement between the two methods. Compared with the 1D-DCIM, the impedance matrix filling efficiency of the method of moments (MoM) is significantly improved. The problem of finding the spatial Green’s function in lossy media is effectively solved. The proposed method is applicable to practical engineering.

    Computer Science and Applications
    Transformation from OWL-S Model to Z
    WANG Yi-jun, MIAO Huai-kou, XU Qing-guo, CAO Xiao-xia
    2010, 28(3):  326-330. 
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    OWL-S is one of the most significant Semantic Web Service frameworks, but is short of effective formal verification tools. Z is a formal specification language based upon set theory and mathematical logic that is more expressive than OWL-S. This paper studies the formal method for OWL-S based on Z. A set of model transforming rules is proposed. The semantics of OWL-S concepts are defined using Z based on these rules. A tool prototype (OWLS2Z) transforming OWL-S model to Z is presented.